新作坊 Humanity Innovation and Social Practice

Migration by Necessity and by Force to Mountain Areas: An Opportunity for Social Innovation ( 向山區遷移的必要與被迫：一個社會創新的機會)

摘要：

This article discusses current European migration flows, their impacts on the European Alps, and future options for addressing issues of migration. It explores these issues from the perspective of regional development, taking into account the currently prevailing goals of economic competitiveness and local self-interest. It focuses on the Alps, a region in which rural areas are losing economic, demographic, and decision-making power due to outmigration. An end to outmigration in the Alps is currently unlikely, but there may be other ways to stem the resulting losses. Based on a review of migration literature and 3 case studies, the article explores ways in which programs for hosting and integrating migrants can also benefit long-time residents by contributing in many different ways to the development of mountain areas. From this perspective, efforts to integrate migrants can be seen as a form of social innovation that can contribute to the future of the entire Alpine economic space. Rather than focusing on drivers of migration or its humanitarian or constitutional aspects, the paper explores the potential benefits to all parties of a better integration of migrants into the host regions, and the possibility that this could become a model of social innovation. It suggests an agenda for research on how to reach this potential and agenda points for policy regarding measures to fulfill the potential.

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本文討論目前發生在歐洲的移民潮、其對歐洲阿爾卑斯地區的衝擊、以及移民潮在未來可能的解決之道。從區域發展的觀點、目前流行的經濟競爭目標、以及地方自身利益為主來探究這些問題。本文聚焦於阿爾卑斯地區的農村，已由於移民潮之故，失去了其經濟、人口與決策權。由於目前不太可能阻止移民潮，但可能有其他的方法阻止這些農村地區的損失。本文在回顧與移民議題相關的文獻，以及三個案例的基礎上，探討藉由多種融入與接納移民的方案，也能對阿爾卑斯山區居民的長期發展有所貢獻。從這個觀點來看，融入移民的努力可以看作是一種社會創新形式，可為整個阿爾卑斯經濟空間的未來做出貢獻。本文沒有關注移民的動機因素、人道主義或憲法方面的問題，而是探討了將移民更好地融入所在地區，將帶給各方帶來的潛在利益，並且有可能成為社會創新的典範的可能。本文提出了相關研究潛力與進程，並建議了能實踐其潛力的各種措施與政策。