新作坊 Humanity Innovation and Social Practice

Negotiating Community and Landscape in the Peruvian Andes: A Transconquest View

摘要：

This article explores how constructs of "community" and "landscape" mediate power relations between households and colonial states. I analyze archaeological and documentary data in a common spatial framework to reconstruct the local-scale negotiation of community and land-use organization during successive colonial occupations by the Inka and Spanish states in the Colca Valley of southern highland Peru. Using GIS-based analytical tools, I present a detailed reconstruction of the land-tenure patterns of Andean corporate descent groups (ayllus) registered in colonial visitas from the heartland of the Collagua Province. I then compare these landtenure patterns to archaeological settlement patterns from the Inka occupation (C.E. 1450-C.E. 1532) and subsequent early Colonial Period occupation up to the forced resettlement of the local populace into compact, European-style reducción villages in the 1570s. This analysis reveals how both Inka and Spanish colonialist projects for reordering and rationalizing local community and land-use organization were met by local understandings and interests that emerged from patterns of land tenure, residence, and the features of the built environment.